Abstract
This chapter discusses the fundamental principles of chemical looping combustion (CLC). CLC is a technology with unique potential for efficient CO2 capture from fuel conversion processes because gas–gas separation steps are inherently avoided by never mixing combustion air and fuel. In CLC systems, the mass and energy balances as well as thermodynamics lead to certain requirements for oxygen carrier materials and CLC reactor systems. The main variables for the description of CLC processes, such as oxygen transport capacity, oxygen carrier degree of oxidation, CO2 yield and oxygen carrier to fuel ratio, are defined. The chapter discusses the reactor systems proposed for CLC with a special focus on fluidized bed systems, including design considerations for gas–solid separators and gas-sealing devices. An introduction to applied CLC modelling is given involving different mathematical modelling approaches and physical cold flow modelling. The outlook on potential industrial deployment of CLC motivates further research in the field of solid fuel CLC as well as in niche applications such as industrial steam generation or biomass CLC.
Published Version
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