1 - Basic pump principles

Abstract

This chapter explains the basic principles and the working mechanism of a pump. This chapter also discusses the pressure displacement (PD) pumps and the centrifugal pumps. Pumps are used to transfer liquids from low-pressure zones to high-pressure zones. PD pumps perform work by manipulating the available space inside the pump. Centrifugal pumps perform work by manipulating the velocity of the fluid as it moves through the pump. The details about the mode of measuring pressure and atmospheric pressure, absolute pressure, gauge pressure, vacuum, pump head, and specific gravity are also discussed in the chapter. Each entity is explained with the formula for measuring the same and the relation. The pressures inside the pump, namely, suction pressure, discharge pressure, seal chamber pressure are also explained. Head versus pressure principle is explained with the help of diagrammatic representation. In this chapter, one can also study the total head, suction head, discharge head, and suction lift. The footnotes of two authors explain the vacuum and confusion regarding head versus pressure that exists between maintenance people and the pump manufacturer. Each concept is explained using appropriate diagrammatic representations, which help comprehend the basic principles of pump with ease.