Abstract
The paper describes historical events associated with peripetias of military-political rivalry between the leading powers of the early XVI century - Ottoman Empire and Safavid state - for the hegemony in Western Asia and control over the international trade routes passing through the Eastern Caucasus. The author analyzes the causes of military-political, diplomatic and ideological confrontation between two Muslim states, identifies the role of Eastern Caucasus in this process, and herein lies scientific originality of the study. As a result, it is shown that in the mentioned period the violent struggle between these states was accompanied by religious persecutions and efforts to create military-political coalitions.
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