Перспективні сорти груші (Pirus communis L.) Інституту садівництва НААН України

Abstract

The author presents the preliminary results of researching new pear elite forms and cvs, bred at IH NAAS namely: Panianka, Kytaiskyi Likhtaryk (patented), forms 4-79 (its working name is Vodokhreshche), 5-64 (Vezha Muskatna), 4-24 (Dekanka Muskatna) and 17-103 (Olkhotivska). They have high productivity potential, including the yield of the 5- year trees of the above enumerated varieties and elite forms on the rootstock is 4-12 (5×2 m) is 40 kg/tree (45 t/ha), early fruit bearing begining (the third-fourth year after planting) on IS 4-12, scab (Venturia hrina) resistance. Concerning Kytaiskyi Likhtaryk and Dekanka muskatna they are tolerant highly to bacteriosis (Pseudomonas syringae). All the studied fruits look attractive and distinguish themselves for high marketable (Kytaiskyi Likhtaryk, Dekanka Muskatna) and taste qualities (Vodokhreshche, Vezha Muskatna, Olkhotivska) as well as long storage period (3-5 months in a refrigerator under a temperature of 2 ᵒC). The plants of those objects are suitable for creating intense treellissless energy saving orchards of the ecological direction with the dwarf intermediatory Pirognom. They can be also used in the breeding work as sources of concrete traits valuable for economy, namely: early ripening, high productivity, fungous diseases and bacteriosis resistance, high taste and marketable traits, the flesh oiliness. The researches have shown that created cvs in the vegetation period are able to form high indues in the conditions of the effective (2500-2700 ᵒC) moderate temperate sums as regards marketability and fruits taste traits. That enables to move them into the northern regions of Ukraine for this valualble crop cultivation in industrial and amateur orchards.