Нові перспективні сорти груші (Pirus communis L.) Інституту садівництва НААН України

Abstract

The authors present the results of researching pear new elite forms and cultivars bred at the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, namely: Vezha Muskatna, Dekanka Muskatna, Kytaisky Likhtaryk and hybrid 17-103 with the hight productivity potential – the yield of five year trees on the rootstock IS 4-12 was 40 kg/tree (45 t/ha) under the planting plan 5x2 m. The beginning of the fruit-bearing was early – in the third-fourth years after planting on the mentioned rootstock. The investigated cvs and forms are s.cab (Venturia pirina) resistant, Kytaisky Likhtaryk and Dekanka Muskatna high bacteriosis (Pseudomonas syrnigae) tolerant. The fruits are substantially attractive and characterized with high marketable (Kytaisky Likhtaryk, Dekanka Muskatna), taste qualities (Vezha Muskatna, 17-103) and the refrigerator under the temperature 2 0C. The explored forms and varieties are favourable for the creation of intense trellisless energy-saving ecological orchards with the dwarfing intercalary Pirognom as well as in the breeding work as the sources of concrete signs valuable for economy, namely: early-riping, high yield, resistance to fungous diseases and bacterioses, high taste and marketable qualities, pulp ocliness. The researches have also showed that the high marketable and taste qualities of the created cultivars under moderate sums of the effective temperatures (2500-2700 0C) during the vegetation period make it possible to promote to the Northern regions of Ukraine the cultivation of this valuable crop in industrial and amateur orchards.