Особенности строения четырехглавой мышцы бедра цыплят-бройлеров кросса «Смена-9» при различных рационах кормления

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the weight characteristics of broiler chickens of the Smena-9 cross, as well as the morphological features of the quadriceps femoris in these birds on the 35th day of postembryonic ontogenesis with various feeding diets. The work was implemented within the framework of the thematic task plan for the implementation of research works under the state order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 082-03-2023- 238 dated 30.01.2023) on the topic: "Development of theoretical foundations and methodology for the practical use of morphological criteria in assessing the quality and safety of poultry products." It is shown that against the background of the use of feed additives, growth processes are stimulated, which is manifested by an increase in the weight of chickens. At the same time, the microstructure of the rectus head of the quadriceps femoris of birds of the control and experimental groups, while maintaining the general plan of structure (the presence of muscular and connective tissue components, bundle organization), becomes unequal. In the experimental group using prebiotic (D1), the loosest packing of muscle fibers in the bundle structure was noted due to the significant development of endomysium and perimysium, which is also characteristic of control samples. In the experimental groups using probiotic and sorbent (D2 and D3, respectively), a dense arrangement of muscle fibers in the bundle structure was revealed, as well as a denser packing of myofibrils in the structure of muscle fibers compared with the control and experimental group D1. At the same time, thickening of the perimisium in the groups and the development of white adipose tissue in it were noted, which may correspond to an improvement in the taste qualities of poultry meat. The obtained results can be used as morphological criteria in the scheme of assessing the quality and safety of meat products. Data on the structural organization of the quadriceps muscle of the new domestic cross expand the theoretical base in the field of the myology of farm birds, including in terms of identifying morphological signs of the realization of genetic potential against the background of the use of different feeding diets in chicken rearing technology, which allows us to quickly assess the effectiveness of chicken rearing technology and predict an increase in productivity.