稻田实行保护性耕作（8年）对水稻产量、土壤理化及生物学性状的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 稻田实行保护性耕作对水稻产量、土壤理化及生物学性状的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201401150114 作者: 作者单位: 江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,中国科学院南京土壤研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAD89B18-03,2012BAD14B14-01) Effects of 8 years of conservational tillage on rice yield and soil physical, chemical and biological properties Author: Affiliation: Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在江西双季稻田进行长期田间定位试验,分析了多年保护性耕作对水稻产量、土壤理化性状及生物学性状的影响。连续8a稻田保护性耕作处理的平均产量高于传统耕作4.46%-8.79%,各处理的有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率均高于对照,而各处理间穗长和千粒重差异不显著。实行稻田保护性耕作处理的土壤容重低于传统耕作3.6%-5.6%,而总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度分别高出传统耕作1.6%-17.4%、2.4%-16.7%。与传统耕作相比,连续8a保护性耕作显著提高了土壤有机质(2.9%-10.0%)、有效磷(4.8%-31.6%)、速效钾(9.7%-25.7%)。在 2005年免耕+插秧的土壤真菌数量最多,显著高于对照处理51.6%,免耕+抛秧在2008年达到最大,显著高于对照处理54.1%。2012年免耕+抛秧、免耕+插秧显著高于对照126.1%、121.1%;另外,各处理间过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性均差异不显著。8a间土壤转化酶活性变化范围在0.292-0.451 mg/g之间,其中2005-2007、2012年均是免耕+抛秧达到最大,与对照相比,增加范围为72.7%-137.7%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,实行稻田保护性耕作是适合江南丘陵区双季稻区农业可持续发展的有效模式之一,其中免耕+抛秧和免耕+插秧两种方式效果最为显著。 Abstract:Conservation tillage is a key technology in the trend towards sustainable agriculture. The main targets of conservation tillage are to reduce soil erosion and protect the soil and the environment. Conservation tillage can be complemented by the use of a range of other cultivation techniques, including no-till cultivation techniques, the use of straw stubble technology and green covering technology. There are a number of current studies reporting on the effects of different tillage methods on crop yield and soil nutrients. There have been fewer comparisons of the effects of long-term application of conservation tillage on rice yield, soil physical, chemical and biological properties and interannual variability. Through research on trends in rice yield, soil physical and chemical properties and variation of soil biological activity under different tillage methods, this study explores the advantages of long-term application of conservation tillage on rice yield and soil fertility in paddy fields. It provides theoretical support and a sound scientific basis for the rationalization and vigorous promotion of conservation tillage technology in paddy fields. We have comprehensively studied the effects of long-term application of conservation tillage on rice yield, soil fertility and biological activity. The study site is located in the southern hilly region in Jiangxi Province, China. The double-cropping experiment was conducted in a paddy field at Jiangxi Agricultural University between 2005 and 2012. The test comprised a total of four treatments: (1) conventional tillage + transplanting (CT + P), the traditional farming method; (2) conservation tillage treatment: conservation tillage + throwing (CT + T), the traditional method of plowing and throwing seedlings after flattening; (3) conservation tillage treatment: no-tillage + transplanting (NT + P), no tillage, with the herbicide applied to stubble before transplanting; (4) conservation tillage treatment: no tillage + throwing (NT + T), no tillage, with the herbicide applied to stubble before throwing. The results indicate that with conservational tillage, rice yield was significantly higher (4.5%-8.8%) than with conventional tillage. Yield components were also higher with conservation tillage than conventional tillage, but the differences in ear length and grain weight among all treatments were not significant. Implementation of conservation tillage decreased soil bulk density by 3.6%-5.6%, increased total porosity by 1.6%-17.4% and increased capillary porosity by 2.4%-16.7% when compared with conventional tillage. Significant increases in soil organic matter (2.9%-10.0%), available phosphorus (4.8%-31.6%) and available potassium (9.7%-25.7%) were also obtained under long-term conservation tillage treatments when compared with conventional tillage. The abundance of fungi in the no-tillage + planting treatments was significantly higher (51.6%) than in conventional tillage in 2005, while the abundance of fungi in the no-tillage + throwing treatments was significantly higher (54.1%) than in conventional tillage in 2008. The differences in the abundance of nitrifying bacteria among all treatments were not significant between 2005 and 2011. The abundance of nitrifying bacteria in the no-tillage + throwing and the no-tillage + planting treatments were significantly higher (126.1% and 121.1%, respectively) than conventional tillage in 2012. No significant differences were obtained for catalase or urease activity among all treatments. Invertase activity varied between 0.292 and 0.451 mg/g during the 8 years sampled. Invertase activity was significantly higher in the no-tillage + throwing treatments (72.7%-137.7%) than in conventional tillage for the years 2005-2007 and in 2012. The implementation of conservation tillage was an effective model for sustainable development of agriculture and was suitable for the southern hilly region. The no-tillage + throwing and no-tillage + planting treatments generated the most significant effects. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献