Crop Production in a Wheat-Cotton Doublecrop Rotation with Conservation Tillage

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production has dramatically increased in the Southeast, but the role of conservation tillage in doublecropped cotton systems has not been clearly defined. Therefore, from 1988 to 1994, we investigated double-cropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cotton on plots that had been in continuous conservation vs. conventional tillage since 1979. The experimental site was located near Florence, SC, on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult). Conventional tillage consisted of multiple diskings and cultivations; surface tillage was eliminated for conservation tillage. Wheat yields were not significantly affected by tillage, but cotton yields were significantly higher for conservation tillage (P less than or equal to 0.01). Cotton planting dates ranged from 7 to 18 June, and 5 of the 7 yr hd more than 145 frost-free days. Two years had crop failure because of early freezes, and a June drought prevented the planting of cotton in 1 yr. In 4 yr with harvestable yields, seed cotton yields among the eight cultivars ranged from about 500 to 2200 and 300 to 1850 lb/acre for conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. The early maturing cultivar, 'Deltapine (DP) 20,' had the highest seed cotton yields with mens of 1442 and 1123 lb/acre for conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. Development of earlier maturing cotton and wheat cultivars will be important for this cropping system in the northern Coastal Plain portion of the Cotton Belt.