Технология 3D-печати изделий из металла: от системы автоматизированного проектирования до реальной детали

Abstract

The aim of the present study involves the adaptation of a robotic complex based on an industrial robot for 3D printing of metal products by arc welding, the development of a technological process system for printing a real part, as well as an evaluation of the potential for obtaining high-quality metal products using existing equipment. For 3D printing of metal products, a robotic complex based on a KR 210 R2700 PRIME industrial robot (KUKA, Germany) and an S3 mobil SpeedPulse welding machine (Lorch, Germany) were used. 3D object models for printing were created in Autodesk Fusion 360 software. The dedicated Ultimaker Cura 3D printing program was applied for slicing the models into layers. The simulation of the printing process and programming of an industrial robot was carried out using the RoboDK software (Canada). As a result, a technological process for 3D printing an impeller prototype from the design stage to the manufacture of a finished metal product has been developed. A detailed methodology for adapting an industrial KUKA robot for the process of metal product 3D printing using the arc welding method is presented. Following the creation of the 3D model of the impeller in the CAD system, its slicing into layers was performed in a slicer program. In the course of preliminary experiments, the optimal technological parameters of the torch movement speed during weld surfacing of 3 mm/s were determined for the 3D printing of carbon steel workpieces. A carbon steel impeller prototype was printed using a welding machine and a welding wire. The developed technological process for 3D printing of metal products using the arc welding method has demonstrated the potential use of an industrial robot in combination with a welding machine for use as an industrial 3D printer. Future studies will focus on developing a technological process for finishing parts produced by means of 3D printing, as well as printing parts from expensive materials and alloys containing titanium and nickel.