Особенности формирования и расчета обратных течений в Воткинском водохранилище (1d-постановка)

Abstract

Issues of the contraflows formation in the Votkinsk Reservoir (the middle one in the sequence of the Kama reservoirs) have been studied. The water discharge regime through the Kama Hydro Power Plant determines the contraflow occurrence. The importance of the contraflow issues is caused by the risk of contaminated waters input to water intakes located upstream in respect of the waste water outlets. One of the major industrial agglomeration, namely the Perm-Krasnokamsk cluster with numerous water intakes and waste water discharge points, is located in the upstream part of the Votkinsk Reservoir with is the downstream reach of the Kama Reservoir. On the basis of assessment of the contraflows scale and the consequences for water users the water/economic and environmental limitations are set for the power plant operation regime including sanitary discharge volumes. The contraflows have been simulated as a result of digital solution of the Saint-Venant equation in 1D-definintion with input of the first type boundary conditions directly in the vicinity of the Votkinsk Power Station dam. We have assessed the reservoir morphometry role in the contraflows formation. Outputs of the comparative experiments performed at different schematic models of the Votkinsk Reservoir have shown that reflection of the level lowering straight wave from the Votkinsk Power Station dam is the determining factor of the contraflows formation rather than peculiarities of the morphometry. When decreasing the period of water discharge to the downstream reach the zone of contraflows formation is displacing towards the Votkins Power Plant dam.