Пионерский отряд «Каравелла» как контрпроект человека в условиях постконфликтной ситуации 1970‒1980-х годов

Abstract

The end of the Second World War had a profound impact on the societies involved, shaping their post-conflict situations. It is crucial to distinguish between two key concepts: the “post-war situation”, denoting the period following the cessation of hostilities and transition to peace, and the “post-conflict situation”, defined by how the parties involved in the conflict experience, understand, and respond to its progression and resolution. During this period, youth organizations worldwide embarked on projects aimed at preparing individuals for the new era after the war. However, by the early 1960s, society began to move away from immediate post-war expe-riences and focus on commemoration, constructing individual and collective memories. Children's organizations in many countries shifted from project-based approaches to operational ones, updating existing models for shap-ing successive generations. This shift ushered in a phase of “mass production” of individuals tailored to society's specific needs. Simultaneously, a new post-conflict situation emerged globally, marked by internal conflicts in the Warsaw Pact countries (for example, Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968), as well as in Western nations (such as the late 1960s student movements). Against this backdrop, alternative approaches to human de-velopment gained traction. These counter-projects offered different perspectives on the education of the younger generation, challenging mainstream practices. One notable example of this was the Soviet pioneer group “Caravella”, distinguished by its passion, clear vision for the future, and the resources for implementing its social engineering project. This article reconstructs the social engineering project implemented within the “Caravella” group, examining its characteristics as a counter-project opposing the mainstream pioneer movement.