Развитие морских портов СССР и их роль в расширении международной торговли в период экстенсивного экономического роста (1956–1972 гг.)

Abstract

The main regularities of the development of commercial seaports in 1956-1972, during the period of extensive growth of the USSR economy, are determined. This period is characterized by a high average annual growth rate of port cargo turnover, the level of which will not be reached before the collapse of the USSR. A comparison is made between the cargo turnover of Soviet ports and US ports. A quantitative assessment of the influence of the course of the Soviet leadership on the extraction and export of natural resources in the global distribution of labor on the development of seaports has been carried out. The growth of the foreign trade cargo turnover of the USSR is studied in comparison with the growth in the volume of transshipment of export and import cargoes in seaports. A significant increase in the volume of export cargo transshipment in Soviet ports was revealed, and an analysis of its dynamics and structure by type of cargo and sea basins was carried out. A comparison was made of the growth rates of the cargo turnover of seaports, the volume of freight traffic by rail, inland waterway, sea transport, the pumping of oil and oil products. The growth of cargo turnover of seaports and the growth of production volumes of industries and agriculture, the products of which formed the basis of the cargo base of maritime transport, were studied. The dynamics and structure of the cargo turnover of seaports by sea basins, by types of cargo, by types of transportation have been studied. A quantitative assessment of the growth in the cargo turnover of sea basins at the expense of ports in the annexed territories based on the results of the Second World War was carried out. The dynamics of cargo turnover and the specialization of the largest ports of the USSR, their role in the implementation of the plans of the Soviet leadership to expand the export of natural resources are studied.