Ретроспективный анализ развития морских портов СССР (1946–1955 гг.). Часть I

Abstract

The main regularities of the post-war recovery and growth of the cargo turnover of the Soviet commercial seaports in 1946-1955 are determined. The analysis of the dynamics of the cargo turnover of the ports of the USSR, the ports of Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, France and the USA for 1946-1955, 1928-1955, 1913-1955 is carried out, a quantitative assessment is given of the recovery rate of the cargo turnover of their seaports after the Second World War. A comparison is made of the decrease in the cargo turnover of Soviet ports as a result of the Civil, First and Second World Wars. The dynamics of the volume and cost of transshipment of export and import cargoes in seaports and foreign trade cargo turnover of the USSR has been studied. An analysis was made of the growth rates of the cargo turnover of seaports in comparison with the growth rates of the volume of transportation by rail and inland water transport, the volume of production of industries, the products of which formed the basis of the cargo base of maritime transport. The dynamics of the cargo turnover of ports by sea basins is studied, a quantitative assessment is given of the growth in the cargo turnover of sea basins due to ports in the annexed territories based on the results of the Second World War. The cargo turnover of the largest ports of the Baltic basin in the first half of the 20th century is studied. The dynamics of cargo turnover of seaports by types of cargo has been studied. A decrease in the share of oil transshipment due to the development of a new oil-producing region and the development of pipeline transport has been revealed. The dynamics of port cargo turnover by types of navigation has been studied. An increase in the transshipment of imported cargo due to trophy cargo and war reparations was revealed. There has been analyzed the volume, cost and transportation length of the goods from Germany, Hungary, Romania and Finland on account of reparations.