ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ 120-Й СТРЕЛКОВОЙ ДИВИЗИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОЗДАНИЯ КРАСНОЙ АРМИИ

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to consider the process of creating the Red Army on the example of the 120th Rifle Division. This process has been actively going on since the beginning of the Civil War and foreign military intervention until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. During this time, several approaches to the formation of the army have changed. Finally, they settled on the idea of creating a mass regular army, formed on new principles of compulsory military service, by conscription and mobiliza-tion. The systematic construction of the regular army start-ed in 1918, when, along with the new type of units, the Red Guard detachments continued to function, which became a school for training command and political personnel for the Red Army. The author analyzes the process of forming the command army staff of a new type by attracting the old military intelligentsia, as well as through educated command courses and military educational institutions of various levels. The quantitative growth of the Red Army at different stages of its creation is traced. The process of creating the army took place within the framework of the military districts being formed, starting in the spring of 1918. The author analyzes the creation of new management bodies of the armed forces of the country, the formation of a unified command structure of the troops. At the end of the 30s, the construction of the Red Army was carried out on the basis of a Plan for the development and reorganization of the Red Army ground forces by creating personnel divisions of triple deployment. The basis of the Red Army was rifling divisions. As a result, the author concludes that the 120th Rifle Division was a typical example of a military structure being created as part of the armed forces of the Soviet State.