Abstract
The paper presents results of study of the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in the technology of spring wheat cultivation. Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University in 2017-2020 in a five-field grain green manure crop rotation: green manure fallow - winter wheat - spring wheat - soybeans - barley. We studied change of grain yield and quality of spring wheat of Ulyanovskaya 100 variety in the experiment. Mathematical processing of the data showed that a significant increase of spring wheat grain yield was provided on the variants with fertilizer application at a dose of 40 and 60 kg / ha of active agent, which was 0.57 t / ha and 0.73 t / ha, respectively. At the same time, there was an increase of gluten amount up to 27.8% and improvement of its quality in the variant with application of fertilizers at a dose of 60 kg / ha of active agent (73 FDM units), which assigns it to the I quality group. The performed correlation-regression analysis made it possible to reveal the relationship between the grain yield of spring wheat and the conditions of its formation. A direct relationship was revealed between the yield and the background of crop nutrition (r = 0.64). It is important to note that the main factor which influences gluten accumulation in grain is mineral nutrition of plants (R2 = 0.55), the determination coefficient of the dependence of gluten accumulation on the hydrothermal index was R2 = 0.26. The research results showed a close relationship between the mass fraction of gluten and protein in the grain of spring wheat of Ulyanovskaya 100 variety (R2 = 0.70). The accumulation of protein varied from 264 (control) to 509 kg / ha (N60P60K60) within the research years.
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