ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ ВИМІРИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКОНОМІК

Abstract

The academic paper is devoted to studying the environmental component in the system of economic security of national economies. The author has demonstrated that environmental degradation and climate change pose a threat to modern sustainable development in every country in the world. As a result, the development of an efficient system for accounting for and monitoring environmental indicators is a prerequisite for the creation of an effective environmental risk management system. The scientific article provides a systematization of environmental indicators, the change of which affects the sustainability and security of development. The proposed approach is based on an algorithm that provides for the implementation of sequential actions within the framework of establishing a system of environmental security indicators, substantiation of the essence of each indicator from the standpoint of independence, sustainability, stability, and dynamism of national economies; systematization of indicators by the nature of their impact on the level of economic security, calculation of threshold, critical, and permissible values that can be used in the system of monitoring economic threats, determination of methods of normalization of individual parameters, which will ensure their reduction to a comparable form and allow aggregation into the appropriate structure of the final integrated security index. Using the tools of multidimensional evaluation, an integral index of the environmental component of economic security is proposed, which in turn is based on indicators of energy intensity, level of renewable energy consumption, level of renewable energy generation, air quality, carbon intensity index of the economy, environmental efficiency index, green growth index. The proposed methodology makes it possible to assess the level of security and classify countries by the state of development security, to identify areas of security/danger (risks) by indicators, in particular, environmental ones. The practical application of the proposed toolkit enabled the ranking of EU countries and Ukraine by the level of environmental safety, grouping them by the level of danger, which will allow taking these features into account when developing measures to increase the level of sustainability of economic development, considering environmental aspects.