Оптимизация методом роя частиц структуры автономного энергетического комплекса с использованием солнечной энергии

Abstract

The aim of the study involved the development of a methodology for optimising the structure of an autonomous energy complex consisting of photovoltaic panels, accumulator batteries and a diesel generator, as well as its implementation in a software and computer complex. In order to optimise the structure of the complex, a particle swarm method was used that does not require the exact gradient of the optimisation function to be known. In terms of an optimisation function, the cost price of the electricity generated by the energy complex was chosen. During the optimisation process, changes in the consumer load demand, local actinometric and meteorological conditions, as well as technical characteristics of photovoltaic panels and batteries were taken into account. Additionally, a choice of three following options for installing photovoltaic panels relative to the horizon is provided: horizontally; inclined to the horizon; inclined to the horizon on a rotary uniaxial base with a vertical rotation axis using a sun tracking system (selecting an angle of inclination equal to the latitude). For Kyzyl-Khaya village in the Republic of Tyva, currently supplied from a diesel power station, the average monthly values of horizontal surface insolation are calculated with the total installed capacity of the power generating elements for an autonomous energy complex optimised by the particle swarm method equal to 450.1 kW and having a battery capacity of 22.2 kA×h. The developed technique for optimising the structure of the energy complex is implemented in the MATLAB software environment. Following optimisation by the proposed methodology, the structure of an autonomous energy complex with an inclined arrangement of photovoltaic panels, the cost of electricity generated by it amounted to 26.978 roubles/kW h with a capital cost of 16956.853 thousand roubles. This optimised structure of the complex provides for changing the power supply schedule from 18 to 24 hours a day and additional possible reduction in diesel fuel consumption by 70% compared to the same setup having an 18-hour power supply schedule from a diesel power plant.