Формирование логических качеств мышления старшеклассников как фактор интенсификации умственного воспитания в современной школе

Abstract

The article discusses the pedagogical conditions for the formation of logical thinking, shows its role in the formation and development of conceptual thinking, which is the main psychological characteristic necessary for organized, in particular, school education. The leading role of the verbal-logical method of teaching in an integral pedagogical system, aimed at the formation of systemic and dynamic characteristics of mental activity, has been determined. The characteristic features of the verbal-logical method of teaching are listed. The conclusion is substantiated about the necessity of educating the logical culture of thinking of modern schoolchildren through the verbal-logical method of teaching, which is an internal condition for students to master the method of scientific knowledge, which determines the development of productive (creative) thinking of schoolchildren. In the process of the cognitive activity of the teacher, cognitive-psychological barriers arise, which are mainly overcome in a logical way, but the psychological moments of such overcoming in pedagogical practice are poorly taken into account. For this reason, learning difficulties are not overcome, but are steadily reproduced, and the prerequisites for highly productive mental processes do not mature. The verbal-logical method of teaching makes it possible to remove this contradiction, since it expresses a focus on the psychological side of mastering knowledge and allows you to holistically carry out the system-dynamic process of progressively more complex mental activity. The development of productive thinking is inextricably linked with the development of its reproductive (component), in connection with which the formation of the logical qualities of thinking becomes one of the key tasks of mental education in a modern school.