ЧЕСЬКИЙ РЕФОРМАТОР ІЄРОНІМ ПРАЗЬКИЙ ТА ЙОГО ПОДОРОЖ У ЗАХІДНІ ЗЕМЛІ КИЇВСЬКОЇ МИТРОПОЛІЇ

Abstract

Backgroun: In editions on history of the Reformation, a significant place is occupied biographical studios devoted not only to outstanding figures but also to those who until recently, it was as if in the shadows of its main characters. For some time, such a person of the “second plan” was Czech humanist Jerome of Prague, although he played a significant role in the formation of the Czech reform movement. From the second half of the 20th century, and especially in the 2010s, appeared a lot of research that made it possible to seriously study the social and religious activities of Jerome of Prague and his contribution to the philosophical thought of the late Middle Ages. Studies dedicated to Jerome are yet absent in Ukrainian historical science. Purpose: The author of the article pursues several tasks. First is the desire to introduce Ukrainian readers with historical sources, old and modern editions, which allowed to comprehensively disclosing of the activity and creations of Jerome of Prague. An important aim is also to reveal a portrait of the Czech humanist as a thinker, an educator, and a public figure who has had a significant impact on the theological and political views of early Hussism. A separate place is given to the participation of Jerome in Czech-Polish relations and his trip to the western lands of the Kyivan Metropolia. Results: The author supports the opinion of many researchers, according to which Jerome of Praguewas a prominent figure of Czech history. On the one hand, in his person we see an ordinary person – an idealist and a romantic, an erudite and a wrestler, cheeky and brave debater, and man who refusing his convictions and, at the same time, a martyr ready to give for ideas own life. His thoughts and actions help to understand the causes birthand key ideas of the Hussite movement. On the other hand, Jerome was one of the leaders of the Czech national-cultural revival: a profound thinker who developed the idea of returning the Church to its biblical image, and a practiker who formulated the program principles of the national Church, based on the spiritual and social aspirations of the Czech people. His views, like the teachings of John Wicklif and Jan Hus, reflected the ideological drama of the era of the late Renaissance in its transition to Early Modern times, and laid the ideological foundations of the Reformation. Jerom of Prague is interesting in the context of political and intercultural relations. His trip to the Slavic lands opens the little-known pages of the diplomatic history of early Hussism. It remains mystery the trip of Jerome in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Rus’, which causes constant interest from the side of historians and Slavists. They seek to find sources that can bring to the disclosure of the reasons for this trip and reconstruct its circumstances. Not without sense is the assumption that Jeronim was searched for the Hussite spiritual allies in the Orthodox lands, although it acquired a more pragmatic interpretation in modern historiography associated with the political plans of the Hussites. An ecumenical vision of the Jerom’s mission to Lithuania and Russia, which was in line with the ideological principles of the Czech Reformation, could also be interesting. Its program for the restoration of early Christian ecclesiology and the ideals of catholicity of the Church, the presentation of the bowl to the laity and the elevation of their role in Church life reflected that common that could unite the Western and Eastern Churches. Key words : Reformation, Hussite movement, Jerome of Prague, Council of Constantce, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.