ОСТРУКТУРЕНІСТЬ ҐРУНТУ, ЗАБУР`ЯНЕНІСТЬ І ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ЛАНОК СІВОЗМІНИ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СИСТЕМ ОСНОВНОГО ОБРОБІТКУ ТА УДОБРЕННЯ ЧОРНОЗЕМУ ТИПОВОГО В ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОМУ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The goal of the research is to study the influence of different tillage and fertilization systems on the structural condition of the arable (0-30 cm) soil layer, the weediness of agrophytocenoses, and the productivity of two links of field crop rotation. Materials and methods. The experimental work was carried out in 2021-2023 on a typical deep low-humus chernozem of the experimental field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in a five-field stationary specialized (grain) crop rotation. Four systems of basic soil tillage and fertilization of agrophytocenoses were studied. The zero fertilization system did not provide for the application of fertilizers, the first - 6 tons of manure + N64P54K58, the second - 6 tons of manure + N98P66K92, the third - 6 tons of manure + N126P82K116 per hectare of arable land. Analysis methods: field, laboratory, comparative, mathematical-statistical. Results. The article presents the results of studies on cultivation of various agricultural crops under four systems of basic soil tillage and four systems of agrophytocenoses fertilization. The influence of these agrotechnical measures on the structural state of arable layer, the current weediness of agrophytocenoses, and the yield of grain and green mass of the crops under study have been considered. Long-term studies have convincingly proven that with chisel-disc, and especially disc tillage, there is a clearly defined profile differentiation of the arable soil layer in terms of the content of water-resistant aggregates in different parts of it - most of them are in the lower (20-30 cm) part, significantly less in the upper (0-10 cm). With an increase in fertilizer application rates, the structural condition improves and the actual weediness of agrophytocenoses decreases. Grain crop yield is significantly reduced by chisel-disk and disk processing; when differentiated, it increases in the agrophytocenosis of winter wheat and buckwheat and decreases in the agrophytocenosis of peas, but these changes do not reach statistically significant values. Significantly less green manure mass of white mustard was obtained by disc processing and significantly more was obtained with differentiated processing of only fertilized areas of the second link of crop rotation. During chisel-disk processing, this indicator decreases insignificantly in the first link and increases insignificantly in the second. Conclusions. It is noted that the first link dominates in the collection of feed units, the yield of grain and digestible protein per hectare of arable land, and the provision of digestible protein to a feed unit. An insignificant advantage of the second link was observed in the collection of dry matter of the main and by-products only in the differentiated treatment areas fertilized with the second and third rates of fertilizers. Analyzing the data obtained, it can be argued that with non-shelf-disk and disk cultivation, the productivity of a hectare of arable land in both stages of crop rotation significantly decreases. With differentiated and shelf-disk processing, this indicator is almost at the same level. Keywords: soil structure, weed infestation, soil, crop rotation, link, cultivation, fertilization, productivity.