КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКА КИСЛЫХ РУДНИЧНЫХ ВОД ГОРНО-РУДНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

Abstract

The topical aspects of the stage-by-stage cation-selective processing of technogenic acid effluents formed on the territory of mining enterprises engaged in the development of ores of the copper pyrite complex are discussed in the article. The characteristic of the studied object of research is presented - acid mine waters of mining enterprises of the copper-pyrite complex. The analysis of the existing methods of sedation of technogenic wastewater from metal cations (copper, manganese, iron and zinc) has been carried out. The results of acid-base precipitation of polycationic solutions are presented. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies used for the processing and purification of technogenic formations of mining enterprises is given. The possibility of selective processing of the studied acidic mine waters with the purpose of their deep purification and obtaining conditioned metal-containing products is analyzed. A set of methods for stage-by-stage effective and selective purification of acid mine waters is proposed. The results of experimental studies of cementation of copper ions are presented. The influence of the main parameters of the cementation process on the quality of purification of polycomponent solutions is considered. The results of factorial analysis of acid-base precipitation of iron cations are presented. The results of experimental studies are presented, substantiating the technological feasibility of the complete conversion of iron into a trivalent form, using the method of redox precipitation. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the redox process for the selective precipitation of Mn2+ ions by active chlorine solutions are presented. Conclusions are drawn about the ecological and technological efficiency of the application of the considered set of methods for cation-selective purification of acidic technogenic mine waters. The relevance of the research lies in the urgent need to develop innovative technologies for the complex selective processing of technogenic hydromineral formations of mining enterprises, which, along with preventing the discharge of toxic effluents into natural water bodies, provides a significant increase in the efficiency of using natural mineral resources. The purpose of the study is to consider effective methods for the selective purification of technogenic waters, characterized by a high content of zinc, copper, iron and manganese ions, with the aim of their complex processing and the possibility of obtaining high-quality metal-containing products. The object of study is the acidic mine waters of the mining enterprises of the copper-pyrite complex of the Southern Urals. The subject is the technological possibility of cation-selective processing of acid mine waters of mining enterprises of the copper-pyrite complex with a high content of copper, iron and manganese ions. Material and research methods. Experimental studies have been carried out using a complex of physicochemical methods of analysis. To determine the content of heavy metal ions, adapted methods of photometric analysis were used: for copper (II) - with picramin epsilon, for total iron - with o-phenanthroline, for manganese (II) ions - oxidation with ammonium persulfate in a nitric acid medium to permanganate -ions; for zinc (II) ions - with dithizone