Порівняльна характеристика генетичної стабільності культур клітин жирової тканини та кісткового мозку щурів на ранніх пасажах

Abstract

From literary sources, we received a number of controversial data regarding the risks of neoplastic transformation of stem cells in vitro. Inasmuch as today bone marrow has been sufficiently studied as a source of adult donor stem cells, and adipose tissue is an alternative source for obtaining cell material (from which it may be obtained using less invasive methods and in much greater quantity), determination of genetic stability of these particular cell cultures currently is the most relevant issue. Comparison of genetic stability of rat bone marrow and adipose cell cultures from the first to the sixth passages. Materials and methods: 3 non-linear 4 months old male rats and 9 non-linear 12 days old infant rats were used in the experiment. Adipose cell culture was obtained from subcutaneous fat using the standardized method in our own modification. Bone marrow cell culture was obtained from the rat femurs, tibiae, and humeri using the standardized method. Obtained cell mass was cultivated in a standard culture medium in a СО2 incubator at 37 ºС and with 5% СО2 concentration. Cytogenetic analysis was carried out on 30 metaphase plates from each passage. Cells from the first to the sixth passage we used in the research. A modification of the standard cytogenetic method was used to obtain chromosome preparations. In the preparations prepared in an aforementioned way, numerical chromosome abnormalities, like aneuploidy, polyploidy, were determined, as well as the number of binucleate cells, micronucleus cells, mitotic and apoptotic indexes. Here, we provide the comparison of genetic stability indicators for rat bone marrow and adipose cell cultures throughout the in vitro cultivation thereof. Changes in the genetic apparatus were identified in both bone marrow and adipose tissue cell cultures. Karyotype analysis of rat bone marrow and adipose cell cultures showed that, given the conditions that we used for the cultivation, the number of aneuploidies and polyploidies varies from one passage to another; however it does not go beyond the limits of spontaneous mutagenesis typical for mammals. Based on the results of cytogenetic evaluation of the culture, it was determined that the number of cells with micronuclei and the binucleate cell remains within the normal range from the first to the sixth passages. The number of cells with aneuploidy and micronuclei in adipose cell culture on all passages was lower than in bone marrow cell culture; this indicates its higher genetic stability in terms of these indicators. The highest mitotic index was determined on the first passage with its following decrease throughout the cultivation in inverse proportion to apoptotic index. The obtained data on the genetic stability of both adipose and bone marrow cell cultures are within normal range typical for mammals in terms of all studied indicators. This allows for the following studies relating to the transplantation with minimal risk of neoplastic transformation of the said cultures.