Modern trends in the development of dairy cattle breeding in the Lviv region

Abstract

When embarking on specific scientific research on the chosen topic, the essence of the principal terms used in the study is clarified. They can be grouped into two groups, namely: the first group - business entities (enterprises, farms, households); the second group: availability of farm animals, volume of production, productivity of cows, and average annual yield of milk from one cow. Although farms are presented as a separate form of business, later, these farms are included in enterprises. We do not support such inclusion but believe that each form of business should occupy its separate niche in the business system. As for households, this name also requires improvement. Indicators that fully reflect the consequences of reforms are of considerable interest to the study results. The number of cows in the Lviv region as a whole and in individual farming has a clear tendency to decrease. At the same time, it is worth noting that the number of cows decreased significantly more in large farms (enterprises) than in small farms (households of the population). This negative trend must be radically changed. Under any conditions, the future lies in large-scale forms of business. In the gross production of milk, negative trends are also observed - significant reductions in the production of products in dairy farming. Regarding the productivity of cows, it is worth noting that the indicators increased during the studied period. Methodical approaches largely explain the corresponding growth. To determine this indicator, the number of cows should not be taken at the beginning of the year, but the average annual number, based on the total amount of feed days per year, which should be divided by the number of days in the year.