Abstract
Goal. To study the influence of the structure of the bee family nest and the age of the bee queen on the flight-collecting activity of bees during the preparation of protein feed. Methods. Laboratory, zootechnical (strength of the bee family) and statistical (mathematical processing). Results. The position on the relationship between the entry of pollination into the bee family and the different age of the brood and the age of the bee queen is substantiated. The age of the bee queen, open brood and indicators of bee pollination activity are directly related: the younger the bee queen and the greater the number of open brood, the higher the harvesting activity, the more bee pollen is collected. Conclusions. Increased collection of bee pollen is provided by the use of queen bees in bee colonies for no more than two bee-keeping seasons. Timely change of queen bees, as well as building and maintaining the strength of bee colonies are the main zootechnical measures to maintain optimal life of bees and get the maximum amount of products from them. Bee queens should not be changed or replaced during honey collection or harvesting. It is better to replace the queen bees before the main honey harvest so that the bee colony already has a fertile bee queen before it starts. Taking into account the dynamics of the use of bees in the harvesting bee pollen, the replacement of queen bees should be carried out only in view of the reserves of protein feed (perga) in the nests of bee colonies and specific terrain with plants that provide bees with pollen.
Highlights
The vital activity of the honey bees family, brood raising, successful wintering, resistance to diseases, flight-collecting and pollinating activity depends significantly on the supplies in the nest and the flow of the protein food – bee pollen [1, 2]
The tibia of the hind legs holds the recess and the row of the long hairs curved to the mid forming pollen basket used by bees to collect pollen in the form of granules called bee pollen
As planned, we added to the experimental bee families combs with open brood, taken from another family
Summary
The vital activity of the honey bees family, brood raising, successful wintering, resistance to diseases, flight-collecting and pollinating activity depends significantly on the supplies in the nest and the flow of the protein food – bee pollen [1, 2]. Flower pollen is the complex concentrated vegetative bee product with unique consuming and curative qualities It is the combination of pollen grains, or male microgamethophytes of seed plants that were collected and treated with nectar and the salivary glands secretion [5, 6]. With insufficient number or lack of protein food the bee family reduces or stops the process of raising the brood and producing of wax, reduces the power and honey productivity, and at the time of wintering there is high mortality rate and death of bee families causing heavy economic losses [8, 9]. The species composition and the mass of the bee pollen collected by bees are influenced by many factors and primarily by the quantity and diversity of plant pollen in nature, while its formation to a lesser extent depends on natural and climatic conditions than nectar productivity of plants [13, 14]
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