Abstract
Goal. To study the biological potential for the production of the royal jelly by bees in the conditions of supportive and intensive honey harvest. Methods. Laboratory — for the determination of royal jelly mass, zootechnical — for the accounting the number of queen larvae in the bee families, ethological — for the determination of the orientation of bees in the area near the hive hole, and statistical — for biometric processing of experimental data. For the first time in the production of beekeeping products, a comparative analysis of obtaining the royal jelly was made for maintaining an intensive honey harvest. The production of the royal jelly was based on the technological process of artificial growth of the queens, which is interrupted after 72 hours after grafting larvae. Families for the reception of larvae were formed by a method of incomplete desertion. Incomplete desertion of the bee family meant that the bee queen was not completely isolated from a bee family. For that purpose, the bee family was divided in half with a solid diaphragm with the Hahnemann lattice, which isolated the queen bee. For the flight of the bees-collectors of nectar and bee pollen, only the entrance in the section with the queen bee was left open. In the research process, they applied the method of the use of bee families for producing the royal jelly simultaneously with the collection of nectar and pollen by bees in conditions of relatively small supportive and intensive honey harvest. Results. The technological method of formation and use of families-growers during the obtaining the royal jelly, which significantly reduced labor costs and funds for its production has been developed and tested. Conclusions. In the conditions of supporting honey harvest, the positive effect of bringing nectar to the reception of larvae in the nests of families was revealed. In various types of honey harvest (maintenance and intensive) for the production of royal jelly using the method of incomplete desertion, it is possible to use bee families of Ukrainian and Carpathian breeds. It was a slight advantage of the bee families of the Ukrainian steppe breed over the bee families of the Carpathian breed for the production of royal jelly.
Highlights
Honey bee (Apismellifera L.) is the most common species of genus Apis living on the territory of Ukraine
The adaptive potential allowing to live in the areas with high variability of climatic conditions and use of honey collection is of great importance for the creation of the wide range of honey bees
It has been determined that in consumption of honey only, bees accept much less number of larvae for rearing, the amount of royal jelly decreases and in case of use of bee pollen as food its protein substances are used for development of hypopharyngeal glands and royal jelly can be received from bee families. [5, 10]
Summary
Р≤0,01; р≤0,05 comparing with group of bees of Ukrainian steppe breed. During the intensive honey collection with the flow of 0,32-1,8 kg of nectar the adopting of larvae in the group of queen-rearing colonies of Carpathian breed which produced royal jelly was on the level of 45,8 larvae, Ukrainian steppe breed– 40,8 larvae (table 1). During the production examination a series of studies was conducted focused on the in fluence of the supportive and intensive honey collection on the producing of royal jelly by bees. The available data suggest that under the conditions of supportive honey collection from group of queen-rearing colonies of Ukrainian steppe breed only 37,5±2,71 g of royal jelly was obtainedont heaver age, and from the group of colonies of Ukrainian steppe breed –35,4±1,02 (Fig. 2)
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