Ізоляція та заміна бджолиних маток за умов медозбору

Abstract

Goal. To study the regulation of reproduction of bee families by the method of isolation and replacement of bee queens under the conditions of honey collection. Methods. Laboratory (the determination of external signs and the degree of development of the fat body of bees), zootechnical (the selection of groups of analogs, accounting for egg production of queen bees, strength of the bee colony, nectar supply), phenological (the accounting of environmental temperature, flowering periods of honey plants), statistical (the biometric processing of experimental data). Biometric data processing was carried out on a PC using MS Excel software with built-in statistical functions. A comparative assessment was carried out and the expediency of isolation and replacement of bee queens and their influence on the functional state of bee colonies, and the dynamics of nectar flow under honey collection conditions were experimentally proven. Results. Increased honey productivity was fixed in a group of bee families where older queen bees were replaced by young fertile ones. This replacement option was characterized by the minimum duration of the period of transition processes in bee colonies. The decrease in the number of brood in bee colonies, where queen bees were isolated for a long period, harmed their reproductive capacity and, in the future, the strength of bee colonies during the formation of the foundation of the winter club. Isolation and replacement of bee queens for a short period compared to a long one had a positive effect on the degree of development of the fat body of bees. Conclusions. The use of methods of isolation and replacement of bee queens for the period of short honey collections (for 15 days) has been proven and recommended. A long period of isolation of bee queens negatively affected their reproductive capacity, honey productivity, and then the strength of bee colonies during preparation for the period of hypobiosis.