АРХЕТИПЫ И МИФОЛОГЕМЫ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМАХ И МЕТАФОРАХ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА

Abstract

In modern linguistics, one of the pressing issues is the problem of determining the essence of mythologemes and archetypes, as well as their functions. This article examines the archetypes and mythologems that form the deep semantics of Russian phraseological units and metaphors. Phraseologisms of the Russian language, which constitute a separate special layer of the vocabulary as a whole, have always been of interest to researchers. The formation of their stable semantics is the result of the historical development of mankind. Phraseological units of language and metaphors of collective consciousness always appeal to human experience. Since ancient times, humanity has sought to find an answer to the question of the creation of the world and man, to explain the reality around it, and this desire remains relevant for modern human society. Man's original desire to explain the essence of the universe is reflected in myths. Since man’s first attempts to explain the phenomena of reality are enshrined in myths, we turn to concepts such as “archetype” and “mythologem”, which are directly units of myth. This work analyzes several phraseological units and metaphors of the Russian language, the meanings of which are motivated by archetypes and mythologems of mass consciousness. From time immemorial, myths have never lost their relevance in human life and society. After all, a myth always establishes an idea as an ideal and at the same time is a guarantee of the stability of this ideal. It is in myths that the basic ideas of morality are contained (the ideas of good - evil, friend - stranger, Divine - Demonic, etc.), according to which orders are established in modern society. It is these ideas of morality, the binary oppositions of good and bad, which are preserved in mythologems, that perform the function of controlling the semantics of phraseological units and metaphors in the language. By comparing language and the mythological consciousness of society, we can determine the semantic core of phraseological units and the logic of the appearance in the language of certain metaphors that are associated with prototypes in the collective unconscious.