БОБОВЫЕ ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИКИ, ОБРАБОТКА ПОЧВЫ И ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ В АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the evaluation of legume precursors (soybeans, peas, lupin, chickpeas), methods of primary tillage, and plant protection during spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of chernozem soils of the Middle Volga region. Studies have shown that the studied precursors had different growing season duration and water consumption, which provided different water regimes and accumulation of productive moisture in the soil and ultimately affected the productivity of spring wheat. The accumulation of productive moisture in the soil occurs mainly in the autumn, winter, and spring periods; after harvesting peas, no more than 19% of precipitation (28–33 mm) accumulated after harvesting soybeans,lupine, and chickpeas – 29–39% (29–39 mm) until the time of a steady transition of air temperature below 5оC. According to the yield level of spring wheat, the researchers arranged the studied precursors in the following row: after peas – 3,80 t/ha > after chickpeas and lupine – 3,49–3,50 t/ha > after soybeans – 3,45 t/ha. There was an increase in the yield of spring wheat for combined tillage in crop rotation (for the studied crop – soil disking by 10–12 cm + plowing by 20–22 cm) in comparison with minimal tillage by 0,52 t/ha or by 15,6%, and on adaptiveintegrated plant protection by 0,36 t/ha or 10,6% in comparison with the level of standard technologies.The effect of the studied factors on the formation of yield was as follows: tillage – 40,7% > plant protection – 25,3% > precursors – 19,1%. The mentioned variants also increased the quality of spring wheat grain.