Abstract
The results of the research on the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of biological fertilizer Humistim and micronutrient fertilizers MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus in the cultivation of spring wheat under the conditions of Kursk Region are presented. As a result of the research, it was found that the preparations (Humistim, MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus) contributed to the better growth and development of spring wheat, reduced the development of leaf-stem diseases, increased the yield and quality of spring wheat grain. Thus, when treating seeds (5 l/t) and crops in the tillering phase and early booting (5 l/ha) with Humistim fertilizer, the development of septoria was 16.4 %, biological efficiency was 36.4 %, the yield of spring wheat increased by 0.55 t/ha, gluten content in the grain by 2.1%, compared with the control variant. When using micronutrient fertilizers MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus at a rate of 1.5 l/t for seed treatment and 1.5 l/ha for crop treatment in the tillering phase and early booting the biological efficiency was slightly lower and amounted to -32.6-33.7 %, the yield of spring wheat increased by 0.52-0.53 t/ha, the gluten content in the grain by 1.7-1.9 %. Calculations of economic efficiency showed that the treatment of seeds and crops of spring wheat with the biological fertilizer Humistim increased direct production costs by 825 rubl./ha, but due to the increase in yield, the cost of gross production increased by 6,600 rubl./ha, conditional net income by 5,775 rubl./ha, the cost of 1 ton of grain decreased by 511.55 rubles. The efficiency of using fertilizers with micronutrients MicroFeed Complex and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus with similar methods of application was slightly lower: the value of conditional net income was 27,693.31-30,255.31 rubl./ha. MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus fertilizer provided a minimum increase in conditional net income 2,940 rubles/ha, which is due to its higher cost.
Highlights
One of the main tasks in the field of agriculture is to increase the level of yield and the gross grain harvest, due to the full realization of the genetically determined yield potential of cultivated varieties [1, 2, 3]
The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of different methods of application of biofertilizer Humistim and complex fertilizers with microelements (MicroFeed Complex, Microfeed Extra Phosphorus), as well as their influence on the yield and grain quality of spring soft wheat cultivated on chernozem soils of Kursk Region
The calculation of the standing density of spring wheat by the experimental variants showed that the treatment of seeds with Humistim (5 l/t), MicroFeed Complex (1.5 l/t) and MicroFeed Extra Phosphorus (1.5 l/t) increased the field germination of seeds by 1.2-3.4 % (Table 1)
Summary
One of the main tasks in the field of agriculture is to increase the level of yield and the gross grain harvest, due to the full realization of the genetically determined yield potential of cultivated varieties [1, 2, 3]. An increase in the production of this crop is possible only through the development of modern agricultural technologies of cultivation, which are a set of techniques for managing the production process in order to obtain the planned yield of high-quality products while ensuring environmental safety and economic efficiency [9, 10, 11]. One of these methods is the optimization of mineral nutrition, where in addition to the application of traditional mineral fertilizers, there is a need to use biological fertilizers, complex fertilizers with trace elements in chelated form, growth regulators, etc. One of these methods is the optimization of mineral nutrition, where in addition to the application of traditional mineral fertilizers, there is a need to use biological fertilizers, complex fertilizers with trace elements in chelated form, growth regulators, etc. [12,13,14]
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