КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ В ТИПОВОМ СЕВООБОРОТЕ ПРИ ОРОШЕНИИ В ПОВОЛЖЬЕ

Abstract

Purpose: to study the efficiency of land use agrotechnical methods application on long-term irrigated lands in a grain-forage crop rotation typical for Volga region. Materials and methods. Field experiments to assess the efficiency of agrotechnical measures in agricultural crops cultivation were carried out in the pilot production plant of Volga Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation on dark chestnut medium loamy long-term irrigated soils for a seven-field grain fodder crop rotation typical for Volga region with a total area of 350 hectares. Efficiency calculations were made using technological maps of cultivation of each crop of the crop rotation, established production rates and prices for technological operations, as well as calculating the actual costs of carrying out these works. Results. A comprehensive assessment of the economic efficiency of agrotechnical measures for crop rotation on long-term irrigated lands showed that agrotechnical measures had a positive impact on productivity of main agricultural crops. The most profitable in the studied crop rotation should be considered the production of fodder crops: fodder mixture for silage (sorghum + soybean + sudanese grass + sunflower) with a net income of 76.9 thousand rubles per 1 ha, alfalfa for green fodder and hay (73.9 and 73.2 thousand rubles/ha, respectively). In the group of cereals and legumes, the most profitable commercial crop is soybean, the net income from the production of which amounted to 23.3 thousand rubles/ha. Conclusions. The final comprehensive assessment of the cultivation of agricultural crops in a grain-fodder crop rotation with long-term irrigation confirmed the high efficiency of using the optimal combination of agrotechnical measures to maintain soil fertility and crop rotation productivity.