Корреляция урожайности зерновых и зернобобовых культур от агрохимических параметров почв и погодных условий

Abstract

This work is dedicated to the evaluation of dependence of grain and leguminous crops yield from the main agrochemical parameters of soil and weather conditions. Proceedings on agrochemical survey of arable soils, crop yields, and the main agro-meteorological indicators of Baltasi municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan for 1980-2010 years were generalized. Over the years aproductivity of grain and leguminous crops in the region has increased for 1.73-2.25 times, increasing the yield for 37-49 kg per hectare grain per year. The productivity of all crops is most closely connected with the average content of mobile potassium (r = 0.83-0.90) and phosphorus (r = 0.51-0.78). A moderate negative correlation was found between yield of studied species and share of arable land, having an acid reaction (r = - 0.32-0.48). During the study period the moisture content of the Baltasi municipal district of Tatarstan often (recurrence is 63.4%) was characterized as insufficient or arid. We found a negative correlation of spring crops productivity (spring wheat, barley, pea) from the amount of active temperatures, which indicates that heat supply of the area is not a limiting factor for these crops, and a growing fever of the season often has a negative impact. The tightness and direction of the correlation the productivity of spring crops and peas from the amount of rainfall is changing dramatically by periods: if the amount of precipitation in May has a very weak positive effect on the productivity (r = 0.16-0.17), the rain, falling during maturation and harvesting, have a negative impact (r = -0.14 and -0.21). The largest positive impact on the spring crops yield had a rainfall of June. Especially the correlation was noticeable for pea (r = 0.64) and spring wheat (r = 0.58). Compared with the June precipitation, total precipitation during the growing season had on the yield of spring crops significantly less impact (r = 0.32-0.53). The productivity of spring crops was less dependent on the amount of annual rainfall (r = 0.28-0.49). The productivity of spring crops and peas are most closely correlated with Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient in June (r = 0.50-0.65), and winter rye - in August before sowing (r = 0.45). Therefore, to predict the effects of the prevailing weather conditions on productivity of certain crops, it should be used the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov of the relevant month. According to the yield correlation coefficients from Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient on vulnerability to adverse weather conditions (insufficient moisture content, high temperature) experienced species can be arranged in the next growing rate: peas <spring wheat <barley <winter rye.