Итоги биохимической оценки плодов различных плодовых и ягодных культур во ВНИИСПК

Abstract

The results of biochemical study of fruit of 10 fruit and small fruit crops (apple, pear, sour cherry, sweet cherry, plum, strawberry, black currant, red currant, gooseberry and sea buckthorn) are presented for the period 1995-2014. 956 variety samples were investigated for the whole period. The contents of soluble solids, sugars, organic acids and phenolics were estimated. It is noted that fruit and small fruit crops cultivated in conditions of the Central Chernozem Region vary in the content of different biochemical components in fruit. The varietal differences of biochemical characters were determined for each crop and the best genotypes were singled out for their further use in breeding and introduction into orchard industry. The highest content of the ascorbic acid was found in the following varieties and hybrid forms: apples - Veteran, Ivanovskoye, Vita and 91 elite and selected seedlings; cherries - ELS 32512; plums - Bolhovchanka, Evrasia-21, Okskaya, ELS 12614 and OS 18896; strawberries - Vechnaya Vesna, Divnaya, Kalinka, Lirovidnaya, Pandora and Sudarushka; black currants - Ametist, Desertnaya Ogoltsovoyoy, Orlovskaya Serenada, Perun, Pegas, Tatianin Den and 14 elite and selected seedlings; red currants - Asya, Marmeladnitsa, Niva, Ustina and 16 elite and selected seedlings; gooseberries - ELS 17-8-8; seabuckthorn - Desert Maslichny, Dubovchanka, Zolotaya Kosa, Zolotoy Kluchik, Karamelka, Moriachka, Ranniy Stolovy and Surpriz Baltiki. On the basis of analysis of hybrid progeny of apples, black currants and red currants it has been concluded that there is an opportunity to obtain genotypes with the necessary level of expression of biochemical characters on the basis of parental form selection as well as to combine several characters of biochemical composition with large fruit size in one genotype.