ЛЕКСИКО-СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНИХ СИНОПТИЧНИХ ТЕКСТІВ У ПОРІВНЯЛЬНОМУ АСПЕКТІ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВ)

Abstract

The article focuses on the study of lexical and stylistic features of television synoptic texts as one of the most common types of information messages. The purpose of the study is to analyze the connotative vocabulary on the material of meteorological texts in a comparative aspect, namely in modern German and Ukrainian languages. The study defines the features of weather forecast texts at the lexical level; identifies and examines groups of terms used in television meteorological texts; analyzes allomorphic and isomorphic features of stylistically marked vocabulary on the material of German and Ukrainian texts. The research analyzed 12 texts of weather forecasts on TV channels in Germany and Ukraine (6 weather forecasts in each language). It has been proven that the compact volume and informative function of meteorological texts require the use of terminological vocabulary, namely groups of lexemes to indicate different types of precipitation, cloudiness, temperature, and wind characteristics. Terminological vocabulary is easily perceived by the viewer, because it reflects the expected development of weather processes and conditions. The identified common features for synoptic texts are the presence of synonymy in the use of terminological units. Thus, both analyzed languages provide synonym ring for the designation of cloudiness and precipitation, the synonym ring for the designation of air temperature is revealed in German only. the German language. Due to the analysis of the synonym rings both full and semantic synonyms, as well as general language and contextually synonymous units were outlined. The study of synonyms depending on their functioning at different language levels explicated that both lexical and syntactic synonyms are represented in the compared languages, morphological synonyms were found in Ukrainian language as well. Distinctive features of German and Ukrainian meteorological texts are, first of all, the quantitative features of the lexemes used to describe various weather conditions, in particular, windiness and precipitation, as well as more or less branched synonymous series.