Геоархеологическое картирование памятников каменного века и выходов минерального сырья Титовской сопки (Восточное Забайкалье): практический аспект

Abstract

The practical implementation of the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in carrying out geoarchaeological mapping of the Sukhotinsky geoarchaeological region is shown. The object of the study is the Sukhotinsky geoarchaeological region (Eastern Transbaikalia), associated with the source of mineral raw materials - the Titovskaya Sopka paleovolcano. The aim of the study is to create orthophotomap and digital terrain model specified. The objectives of the study included geoarchaeological mapping of the territory of the study area using modern hardware and software methods using algorithms for reconstructing a three-dimensional scene from photographs, such as structure from motion (SfM), adapted to the tasks of geoarcheology and mapping of volcanics, as well as the products of their contact metamorphism; coordination of ground control points’ network and marking of their location in a way that allows them to be identified from photographs taken by UAVs; realization of aerial photography of the area under consideration, using UAVs;implementation of algorithms for photogrammetric processing of images using the SfM method with obtaining a spatially-oriented dense cloud of terrain points; post-processing of a dense cloud of points with obtaining a three-dimensional terrain model and a high spatial resolution orthophotomap. The relevance of the work lies in the practical implementation of modern GNNS technologies using an unmanned aerial vehicle for mapping geoarchaeological objects. Analysis and interpretation of high-resolution images taken from UAVs and other digital and cartographic materials, processing and digitization of images were taken as research methods. An orthophotomap and a digital terrain model were created and analyzed. Areas of microrelief change were revealed. The theoretical and practical significance of the study consists in creating an orthophotomap and a digital terrain model of the Sukhotinsky geoarchaeological region using modern hardware and a UAV, representing a digital geoarchaeological mapping of archaeological sites, including all hypsometric levels and outcrops of mineral raw materials on an area of 2,4 km²