НАНОТРУБКИ ГАЛЛУАЗИТА – НОВОЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С МИКОТОКСИКОЗАМИ

Abstract

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds, mainly from the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium. They can contaminate food and have a harmful effect on human health. Most mycotoxins are thermostable, that is, they can persist during processing and cooking. The presence of mycotoxins in food can cause harmful effects, ranging from acute intoxication and ending with pathologies of chronic exposure (such as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic) in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is the strongest immunosuppressant, which in turn predisposes to the development of infectious diseases and leads to a decrease in productivity, which entails significant economic losses. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies zearalenone as a class 2A carcinogen. Therefore, the inclusion of binding agents, or enterosorbents, in the diet is given considerable attention as a strategy to reduce the bioavailability of mycotoxins and the effects of contaminated feed and food. A study of the adsorption capacity of bentonites of the Biklyansk and Tarn-Var deposits, the zeolite of the Main deposit, and in vitro halloysite nanotubes with respect to T-2 toxin and zearalenone showed that it is halloysite that has the best sorption rates (85.8 and 86.0%) and, in the future, may be used to combat mycotoxicosis of animals, birds, and, in the food chain, humans. With an increase in the pH of the medium from 2 to 8, the desorption of mycotoxins with the lowest rates for halloysite at 0.7 ± 0.04% for zearalenone and 3.5 ± 0.1% for T-2 toxin was observed in all studied adsorbents. The data obtained make halloysite nanotubes very interesting for further studies of other mycotoxins and their combinations, as well as its comprehensive study as a means of reducing the toxic load on the body of farm animals and birds.