ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИЕМОВ УХОДА НА ПОСЕВАХ КУКУРУЗЫ В АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ

Abstract

The results of 3-year data obtained as a result of testing a promising maize hybrid Maisky 260MV bred by the Institute of Agriculture of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in a new generation of agricultural technologies under irrigation conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria are presented. The effectiveness of methods of caring for corn crops placed against the background of agricultural technologies of varying intensity has been studied. So, by the end of the growing season of corn, the highest weediness of crops was noted against the background of intensive technology - 350pcs/m2 with the lowest grain productivity - 34.0c/ha. The number of perennial weeds was also 130.0 specimens per 1m2. In the variant with basic agricultural technology, these indicators are reduced: in terms of total weediness of crops to 110.0 weeds/m2, perennials - up to 120.0 pcs/m2 with a grain yield of 42.5 centners/ha. Given the placement of corn crops against the background of intensive agricultural technology, the indicators of technical and economic efficiency increase. Thus, the level of crop cleansing is 73.4% in terms of the total number of weeds, incl. perennial group of weeds dies by 56.2%. This ensures the formation of grain crop production up to 47.6 c/ha and is saved from losses up to 13.6 c/ha of grain compared to the data obtained against the background of the use of extensive agricultural technology. In the variant of the technology of increased intensity (T-4.), these figures are even higher - 95.0% of the death of the total mass of weeds with a corn grain yield of 50.8 c/ha with an additional gain of up to 16.8 c/ha. With a juvenile type of weediness of crops, the technical and economic efficiency was almost the same in different variants of the experiment.