ФАКТОРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОЛІТИКИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РИВКА В ЛАТИНОАМЕРИКАНСЬКИХ КРАЇНАХ

Abstract

In order to identify the key factors of the economic growth of Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico), a factor analysis of the dependence of the state of economic development on a number of macroeconomic indicators in the period of 1960–2020 is carried out. During the analysis gross domestic product in current prices, are selected as the result indicator. In the same time, are selected the following factors: the share of industry in the GDP, the share of agriculture in GDP, export and import of goods and services in the GDP, attracting foreign direct investment, population and gross capital accumulation. It is revealed that the following factors (in descending order) have the greatest influence on the economic growth opportunities of newly industrialized countries: Argentina – population size; import of goods and services; share of industry and agriculture in GDP; Brazil – population; share of agriculture in the GDP; import of goods and services; Mexico – import of goods and services, population; export of goods and services; attraction of foreign direct investment. Thus, the analysis established that the policy of the economic level in Latin American countries has the character of deindustrialization, and in terms of factors of economic growth, it differs significantly from the countries of Europe and the Asian region, where important factors were the development of industry; the export of innovative products; involvement capital for extended reproduction. According to the research data, the main problems related to the implementation of import substitution policy in the newly industrialized countries of Latin America are detected, and key lessons for Ukraine that should be learned from the experience of these countries are developed. These recommendations are the need to build up one's own industrial potential; diversification of industry under the conditions of expansion of exports not of raw materials, but of technologically more complex products with higher competitiveness on the foreign market; stimulating scientific and technical progress and improving the qualifications of labor resources at the national level; increase in gross accumulation etc.