СТАРТ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ В СФЕРЕ ДЕМОГРАФИИ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ

Abstract

National projects were adopted in 2018, including in demography and healthcare. The purpose of the study is to evaluate effectiveness of the first-year implementation of these National projects by main target indicators affecting life expectancy of the population. The study hypothesis. We can expect that if the measures and monitoring system of their implementation are effective, the 2019 dynamics in the target indicators will be more positive compared to the previous years. The previous five-year period (2013-2018) was used as a comparison base. Material and methods. The author used age-specific and standardized rates of mortality from neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system among the working-age population, as well as life expectancy indicators in all regions of the Russian Federation in 2019 and 2013-2018. For the period 2013-2018 the average annual rate of increase/decrease in mortality was calculated. Results. Comparison of the 2019 dynamics in life expectancy and in the period preceding the implementation of the National projects shows ambiguous results. Dynamics in life expectancy in 2019 in 41 regions among males and in 36 regions among females was less positive (or even negative) compared to the average annual changes in the indicator in 2013-2018. Geographically, more positive dynamics was registered in the North-West, Central Russia, Volga and, in part, Ural regions among both males and females, while the negative trend was more characteristic of the Siberia and Far East regions. Conclusion. The sources of inefficient implementation of the National projects (in terms of life expectancy) in almost half of the Russian regions are associated with the lack of progress on key priorities: diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms and mortality among the working-age population. Keywords: National project; mortality; life expectancy; working age; diseases of the circulatory system; neoplasms