Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни в российской Арктике: региональные особенности и резервы роста

Abstract

To search the reserves for increasing life expectancy in order to achieve the national goal of the Russian Federation is an important scientific task. The aim of the research is to identify regional features of the existing reserves for the growth of the Russian Arctic population life expectancy. A comparative analysis of the population life expectancy of the Russian and foreign Arctic made it possible to reveal the main reasons that determined the modern dynamics of the Arctic population life expectancy. An increase in life expectancy of the Arctic population is associated with a decrease in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and external causes. The authors assess the life expectancy reserves of the Arctic regions’ population using the methods for calculating the life expectancy at birth and the eliminated mortality reserves. They carry out the study on the basis of data on the causes of death for 2019 in the Russian Arctic regions, differentiated by sex and age. The main growth reserve of life expectancy is seen in the reduction in the differentiation of life expectancy between the male and female population. An increase in the life expectancy of the male population in the Arctic regions is possible under the condition of a maximum reduction in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and external causes, mainly in working age. The reserves for the growth of life expectancy of the female population consist not only in reducing mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms, especially at a young age, but also in reducing losses from diseases of the digestive system among older age groups.