Аналіз номенклатури мікроконтролерів для побудови елементів домашньої автоматизації

Abstract

The subject of study and research in this article is the list of modern microcontrollers and technologies of the programming for creation elements of home automation, embedded systems, and components of Internet of Things. The goal is to analyze the product range and nomenclature of modern microcontrollers for creation of components of IoT systems and home automation considering an available resources and hardware implementation of interfaces. The tasks: to analyze a significant parameters of microcontroller for practical use; to analyze the product range and a modern manufacturers list of the most widely used microcontrollers; to analyze the main features of AVR microcontrollers; to perform an analysis of the advantages of STM32 microcontrollers; to analyze the capabilities of ESP32 microcontrollers; to perform the comparison of hardware resources of these three groups of microcontrollers. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. Fourteen leading manufacturers of microcontrollers are analyzed with taking into account the bit length and a set of series and families of devices. The main characteristics and requirements for the practical application of microcontrollers for both the creation of embedded systems and for training and prototyping are highlighted. The reasons of the great popularity of the use of AVR microcontrollers by the community for training and learning of programming are identified. The capabilities of hardware resources and the advantages of using for embedded systems of the set of models of STM32 microcontrollers series are analyzed. The reasonability of the use of ESP32 microcontrollers for building of components of IoT systems and devices with Internet access is concluded. The comparison of the hardware resources of microcontrollers of three manufacturers is performed with taking into account the available size of program memory, the number of interfaces and pins. Conclusions. The main contribution and scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the performed analysis allows to simplify the process of a decision making about the selection of the required product range of modern microcontrollers for the creation of the components of the systems of home automation and Internet of Things with taking into account the available hardware resources, the number of pins, and the presence of hardware interfaces. This reduces the required efforts and costs at the initial stages of prototyping such systems, as well as during the porting to new microcontrollers and integrated environments of an already existing project.