ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РОЗШИРЕНОГО СКЛАДУ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНЬ НА ВОДНО-БАЛАНСОВИХ СТАНЦІЯХ ТА ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИХ ГІДРОГЕОФІЗИЧНИХ ПОЛІГОНАХ

Abstract

The current level of understanding of the subordination and multifactorial dependence of the determining processes in the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere of the Earth requires a corresponding reorganization of the basic system of environmental monitoring, improvement and expansion of research on water these stations, which can become the supporting 'nodes' of the balance of this system. The appearance of fundamentally new theoretical developments, modern devices and equipment, a large number of software tools, etc., prompts a significant reorganization and strengthening of the environmental monitoring system. The article substantiates an additional set of studies, which should be included in the regulation of observations at already existing water balance stations, with their mandatory modernization. Spheres are subject to control - the atmosphere, surface and underground (subsurface) hydrospheres, which change over time at different rates and pedosphere. A certain inertia of hydrogeological processes implies the possibility of using meteorological indicators, which can be used to predict changes in the moisture regime in the aeration zone and shallow groundwater in the near future; based on the reliably predictable changes of the latter - to forecast changes in interlayer groundwater resources, etc. It is proposed to include in the monitoring regulations the following indicators of the state of the environment, which will allow to identify and analyze the causes of changes in the water situation, balance and resources, to determine the mechanisms of moisture transfer and accumulation, as well as to build models and perform predictive assessments. The results of comprehensive research at the «Lutiz» landfill demonstrate significant variability of hydrogeophysical indicators and changes in the intensity of natural signals depending on the landscape timing, the latest tectonics, the geological basis and the composition of the overlying sediments. Original devices are presented, which are used to determine indicators of electric and thermal fields, the ratio of positive and negative air ions, etc.