АГРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА МАСЛИЧНЫХ КУЛЬТУР В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ЦФО РФ

Abstract

This article presents the results of environmental tests of the most promising very early soybean lines of Krasnodar breeding in the conditions of the Forest-steppe of the Central Federal District of the Russian Fed-eration, which were involved in hybridization. In the obtained hybrid populations of F4 in the conditions of Krasnodar, very early elite plants with a growing period of 90-100 days, plant height of at least 70 cm, and increased productivity were isolated. Their offspring in generations F6 and F7 underwent selection evalua-tion in the latitudinal and climatic conditions of the forest–steppe of the Central Black Soil region on the ba-sis of the Lipetsk Rapeseed Research Institute - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Research Center V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops, Lipetsk. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that in the typical weather conditions of the Central Black Soil region in 2021 and with the dates of soybean sowing in the Lipetsk region in the 2nd decade of May, the earliest genotypes ripened in late August – early September. The duration of their growing seasons was 96-103 days. In the abnormally cold and rainy conditions of 2022, the growing season of these genotypes increased to 110-123 days. The yield of the earliest of the studied soybean genotypes in the conditions of 2021 varied in the range of 2.04-2.46 t/ha, in the condi-tions of 2022 – in the range of 2.07-2.91 t/ha. A two-year analysis of the productivity of the studied soybean genotypes in various weather conditions allowed us to identify 7 breeding lines that form a yield of more than 2.0 t/ha, both in close to optimal and in abnormally cold weather conditions with excessive precipitation.