УМОВИ ТА ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ В АГРАРНОМУ СЕКТОРІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ

Abstract

The current state of working conditions and occupational safety in agriculture, forestry and fisheries of Ukraine for 2018–2020 is analyzed. Dynamic trends are identified and a number of indicators that reflect the level of occupational injuries in the industry and its consequences are assessed. Based on a detailed analysis of technical, organizational and psychophysiological causes of accidents, the main problems of creating safe and harmless working conditions in the agricultural sector have been identified. It is established that the high level of injuries and occupational diseases in the industry is due to such factors as: violation of safety requirements during the operation of equipment, machinery and technological process; imperfection of the technological process and its non-compliance with occupational safety requirements; deterioration of the material and technical base; low provision of personal protective equipment; unsatisfactory organization of work and rest; low labor and production discipline, etc. It is established that the operation of a significant number of physically and morally worn out machines and equipment, unsatisfactory organization of labor, low level of production and labor discipline, lack of interest of managers in improving working conditions and safety, and a number of other factors determine the current socio-economic conditions and labor protection in agriculture as unsatisfactory. Peculiarities of formation of conditions and occupational safety in farms are revealed. The state of relations between employees and owners of agricultural formations on the creation of healthy and safe working conditions at enterprises as a result of concluding collective agreements has been studied. The organizational and technological features of agriculture, which determine the production risks of injuries and diseases in the industry, are systematized. Based on the study and generalization of domestic and foreign experience, a number of principles, measures and specific proposals for improving working conditions and ensuring its protection in agriculture are substantiated. The necessity of recognizing the priority role of human capital in the system of social-labor and production-economic relations in the agricultural sector is proved.