Метеорологічні умови утворення туманів на півдні України

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In the article you can find the analyze of the meteorological conditions of fog formation – temperature and humidity, wind regimes, visibility during different types of fog on the territory of the southern part of Ukraine for the period of 2011-2020 yrs. Data from daily meteorological observations of atmospheric occurrences at the stations of the southern part of Ukraine (Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson) are used as input information in the investigation of the fog formation processes. The purpose of the work is to establish the meteorological conditions for the formation of fog in the southern part of Ukraine. In the temperature regime there is a significant difference in minimum temperatures for Kherson, Mykolaiv and Odesa. The appearance of fogs in Kherson and Mykolaiv was detected at temperatures of -20.0 and -18.0 ºС accordingly in contrast to Odesa, where fog formation processes were recorded at minimum temperatures of -10.0 ºС. The maximum temperatures of the formation processes of this occurrence in Odesa and Kherson are included in the gradation with a maximum of 20.0 ºС, for Mykolaiv this indicator is 22.0 ºС. It can be concluded that fog formation processes occur in Odesa at higher temperatures with negative values than in Mykolaiv and Kherson. Analysis of the humidity regime shows that the largest amount of fog in the southern part of Ukraine is formed at a relative humidity of 100%. At humidity values from 97 to 99%, fog also occurs in all investigated points, although their quantitative indicators are significantly lower than for the previous gradation. In Odesa the processes of fog formation occur at a higher air humidity (starting from 96 %) than in Mykolaiv and Kherson, where white fogs are already recorded at humidity levels of 85 and 88 % accordingly. The analysis of the spatial distribution of visibility on the territory of three stations of the South indicates significant differences in its regime in Odesa compared to its changes in Mykolaiv and Kherson. The distribution of wind speed makes it possible to conclude that wind speeds of 1-2 m/s are most frequent in the formation of fog in the southern part of Ukraine, which happens to be almost half of the cases – 49%. The second maximum of repeatability was recorded for wind gradation of 3-4 m/s – 27% of the total number of cases. The calm has 13% of the cases of fog formation on the investigated territory for the period 2011-2020 yrs. The analysis of wind roses shows that the eastern wind direction has the highest repeatability and is the dominant one for Mykolaiv and Kherson. For Odesa the prevailing wind was found to be in a southerly direction, which is highly repeatable for other stations as well. In general, it can be concluded that during the formation of fogs in the southern part of Ukraine, winds of the East-South quadrant prevail.