Особливості лексико-семантичної характеристики товаронімії відапелятивного походження

Abstract

Tovaronym is mainly an artificial onym related to material sphere of human activity, which characterizes proper name of a product, i.e. object designed for trade or exchange. When analyzing proper names of industrial products that function in modern Ukrainian, we registered 825 names based on appellative. They include: names of apparatuses related to sound and image transmission (594; 72%); proper names of household appliances that are used to facilitate household chores (131; 15,88%); names of means of transportation (100; 12,12%). A significant amount of proper names of industrial products is interrelated with approximation to the appellative, which can be explained by the name’s functioning peculiarity, namely such onym does not need an additional explanation; it is generally known, easy to remember, which is considered to be a positive feature in terms of advertisement. We assume that appellative-based machinonyms motivate such groups of lexeme: anthropocentric names (225; 27,27 %), zoo-lexemes (183; 22,18 %), floro-lexemes (142; 17,21 %), names of natural phenomena and processes (88, 10,66 %), art notions (45; 5,45 %), astronautic lexemes (31; 3,76 %), space notions (27; 3,27 %), everyday-character notions (24; 2,91 %), technical notions (23; 2,79 %), temporal lexemes (15; 1,82 %), mathematical notions (11; 1,33 %), sports terminology (11; 1,33 %). Appellative-based tovaronyms are mostly motivated by lexemes that have positive semantics, render pleasant associations for consumers, and have symbolic meaning for ethnos, indicate on the place of production of a certain denotative. Regarding separate pejorative names, they are mostly widespread in slang forms, their sounding or spelling being the reason of their appearance.