Науково-проектні рішення для створення сучасних малих птахоферм: огляд

Abstract

The purpose of research is to carry out a review of scientific and project solutions for the creation of modern small poultry farms. Research methods. The review of scientific and project solutions for the creation of modern small poultry farms was carried out based on the materials of available information sources in the following directions: science; projects; comparison. Research results. When creating a scientific design solution for a small poultry farm building for keeping up to 700 laying hens, it is important to take into account the following data: hangar-type premises (width 6 m, height 3,8 m, wall height 3,0 m); the width of places for laying eggs is 0,8 m; the width of the slotted floor is 2,4 m; the width of the solid floor with bedding is 2,8 m. The main thing is to keep laying hens on the floor, cascading in tiers with places for laying eggs. In order to prevent poultry diseases, it was proposed for the first time to increase the technological area for keeping chickens from 6 heads/m2 to 5 heads/m2. Small-sized hangar-type buildings are recommended for keeping poultry on small poultry farms, with dimensions in the width-height ratio: 5,0 m-3,2 m; 8,0 m-4,0 m; 10,0 m-4,8 m; 12,0 m-5,6 m. It is important that during the creation of scientific and project solutions, the technological features of growing different types of poultry (chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks), including those that are seasonal, the duration of growing and livestock fattening, maintenance of parent flock, period of economic use of poultry, etc. Conclusions. According to the results of the review of scientific and project solutions for the creation of modern small poultry farms, which were carried out based on the materials of available information sources in the following directions: science; projects; comparison, it was established: for keeping poultry of various species (chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks) on small poultry farms, small hangar-type buildings are recommended; the basic method of keeping poultry is free floor, cascade keeping, in particular, in rows of chickens and floor - of turkeys, waterfowl (geese, ducks) and keeping poultry in general using aviaries, which brings the conditions of their keeping closer to natural ones. Keywords: geese, turkeys, ducks, chickens, poultry farming, poultry farms, systematization of factors, technological areas, keeping conditions, product quality.