ФЕНОМЕН ЕЛЕКТОРАЛЬНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ У ТРАНЗИТИВНИХ СУСПІЛЬСТВАХ

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to show in a holistic form the scientific category «electoral culture» and its place in the scientific apparatus of political science. Applied a complex of general scientific and specific methods of scientific research, which are inherent in political science: system analysis, induction, behaviouristic method. The phenomenon of electoral culture as an important indicator of the development of transitive societies is considered. The definition of the term «electoral culture» is presented, the mechanism of formation of the electoral culture of the individual is revealed. Electoral culture is a stable system of knowledge, assessments and norms of electoral behavior and electoral relations, the electoral process as a whole, collective memory of people about electoral processes. Electoral culture has long been latent and is manifested and updated only during election campaign periods. In transitive societies, the real political functions of most citizens are limited to their participation in elections. It is shown that the indicators of the development of the electoral culture of a particular nation are electoral legislation, advertising campaigns aimed at supporting the political forces and their candidates for elected positions, as well as the final results of the elections. On the other hand, the mentioned factors are procedural periods, the characteristic features of which are determined by the national political and cultural factor. Political systems and institutions function properly only when implemented in an adequate cultural context, and actors operating in these systems have the appropriate characteristics. In transitive societies, the mechanism of electoral choice most adequately reflects the voting model for a positive image. It is concluded that the model of national-cultural identification is the most urgent for the entirely unformed Ukrainian nation.