ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ОТХОДОВ ГОРНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ, ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНО ОБЪЕДИНЁННЫХ

Abstract

At present, there is a need for import substitution (including technologies) in Russia, so the manuals development and regulation of the best available technologies (BAT, Best Available Technologies) are underway. BAT manuals, for example, for the mining industry are basic documents that provide a step-by-step description of BAT, ensuring compliance with obligatory environmental performance indicators. However, these are isolated, unrelated short versions that do not allow for a comprehensive solution to the problems of available mineral resources (AMR) deficit and reduction of environmental degradation risks. To solve the above problems, it is necessary to develop an integrated system for the disposal of man-made waste from mining and mining processing enterprises, geographically united, in order to identify, select effective technologies from alternative proposals and their implementation. The purpose of the study is to develop an integrated system for the disposal of technogenic waste from mining enterprises that are geographically united. Research objectives: study of waste disposal facilities included in the State Register of the Russian Federation; development of a technological scheme for the joint processing of technogenic raw materials of various types; development of a stationary cuvette for year-round heap leaching (KV) of gold in the cryolithozone; conducting experimental studies of KV gold with an effective reagent complex; development of an integrated industrial system for the disposal of technogenic waste from mining enterprises, geographically united; development of alternative options for the production of gold in order to choose an effective technology, depending on the nature of gold mineralization and the form of finding the precious metal in man-made waste. The authors have scientifically substantiated and developed the variants of the integrated industrial system of the closed cycle, using mobile operatively tunable flow lines consisting of independent modules for technogenic waste processing of Darasunsky mine - the enterprise for extraction and ore enrichment of Darasunsky, Teremkinsky and Talatuysky gold deposits (Tungokochensky and Transbaikal regions). According to the cadastre of technogenic accumulations, the sources of mine wastes with the volume of 14410.2 thousand tons are waste dumps of overburden rocks and poor ores, technogenic raw materials of tailing dumps, other accumulations of technogenic raw materials. Experimental studies of gold heap leaching (HL) by the reagent complex including solutions of sodium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide in the ratio – H2O2:NaCN=10:1 have been carried out. Optimal technological parameters of ore preparation and gold leaching process from waste pelletized granules of different types at a ratio of 1:0.5:0: 5 are established, accordingly, out of balance ores of the Talatuy deposit (βAu – 0.7 g/t), underlaid tailings (βAu – 1.45 g/t) and tailings of the current ore processing of Darasunsky gold concentration plant (GCP) (βAu – 0.3 g/t). Gold recovery has amounted 87.1%. In order to implement year-round heap leaching in the cryolite zone, a deepened concrete ditch with multilayer shielding of the upper surface of the stack by injecting warm air through specially equipped perforated vinyl pipes has been installed and a special pelletized granules placement has been carried out. After neutralization KV waste has been proposed to be used in the road construction industry. The industrial system developed by the authors makes it possible to carry out all year round KV, to commercialize utilization of man-caused deposits, both for a long conservation period and the current production and processing, to improve the environmental safety of the city-forming enterprises of the mining cluster. Alternative options are proposed in order to choose an effective technology