ПРОБЛЕМИ РЕСТАВРАЦІЇ СКУЛЬПТУР З РОМАНСЬКОГО ЦЕМЕНТУ В АРХІТЕКТУРІ ЛЬВОВА ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.

Abstract

For the architecture of Lviv II half 19 - the beginning of the 20th century characteristic use of roman cement as a decorative material. Thanks to this, a significant amount of sculptural decor in Lviv during this period was made using roman cement. According to various classifications, architectural decor is architectural, monumental or decorative- monumental sculpture, which in turn is divided into relief and three-dimensional sculpture. Depending on the type of sculpture, the methods of its manufacture, mounting and placement on the facade differ. This affects the state of preservation and the processes of destruction of sculptures. The purpose of the article is to consider the types of sculpture made of roman cement found in the architecture of the 2nd half 19 century - the beginning of the 20th century. To analyze the factors affecting the destruction of sculptures and the possibility of applying preventive measures to stop their destruction. It is necessary to consider the technological features of the restoration of voluminous sculptures made of Roman cement on the facades of buildings and the problems that arise during the work. The article examines the peculiarities of placement of sculptures made of roman cement in the architecture of Lviv. Factors affecting the state of preservation of these sculptures are indicated. Based on the analysis of four restored objects, cartograms of their losses are given, classification of the state of preservation of the sculptures and the generalized technology of their restoration are proposed. The problems of restoration of sculptures made of Roman cement are outlined. To save such sculptures from further destruction, a number of preventive measures are proposed. Taking into account the difference in the preservation of the sculptures, it is possible to single out the main factor of their destruction - the destructive influence of water caused by drainage problems. Therefore, the main task of the preventive protection of sculptures is to inspect the facades for the presence of jamming, in case of their detection, to carry out urgent repair work to eliminate it. It is recommended to conduct a search for roman cement sculptures in the architecture of Lviv, their cataloging and condition monitoring.