ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ ПОГЛЯДИ А.В. ЛУНАЧАРСЬКОГО НА СУСПІЛЬНІ ПРІОРИТЕТИ В УМОВАХ КУЛЬТУРНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

Abstract

In the scientific article an analysis of the philosophical views of A.V. Lunacharsky concerning important social priorities that arise in the conditions of the cultural transformations of the first half of the twentieth century on the example of the social experiment of the Bolsheviks during the "cultural revolution" and in the period of the creation of the so-called proletarian society. The theorist believed that the proletariat, in the process of historical heredity and in the transition to socialist culture, should play an exclusive and avant-garde role and be a legitimate heir not only of the productive forces created in the depths of the bourgeois society, but also of the heir of all material and cultural values. By defending collectivism as the basis of communist education, the philosopher claims that one must think, as "we," to become a living, useful, responsible body, part of this "we". But at the same time A. Lunacharsky warned that this upbringing did not lead to the appearance of "herding", complete degradation of the individual, loss of originality and individuality rights. As a result of education in the personality, individual characteristics, talents, appropriate skills that people absorb and which society offers to them should be developed. It has been proved that the content and essence of cultural transformations during the formation of a socialist society contributed to the formation of totalitarianism on the basis of social myths and revolutionary romanticism. In general, through the prism of philosophical considerations, AV Lunacharsky, on the impact of cultural transformations on the values of society, we can see the attempts of the Bolsheviks to create a corporate system on a socialist basis, in which much attention was paid to the cultural and ideological spheres, without which it was impossible to create effective mechanisms for the management and management of society and to develop a social myth about the communist society as the spiritual reference point of mankind. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the so-called "revolutionary romanticism", which was inherent in many Soviet theorists of the first half of the twentieth century, essentially justified any means of violence and coercion of man in the cultural and ideological spheres in order to form a happy future, aimed at steadily moving in the fairway political attitudes and directives of the authorities. It is proved that the elements of the dictatorship of the proletariat, which were regarded as temporary measures, have gradually become the permanent basis for the formation of totalitarianism.